Iran successfully launched its heaviest space payload on Friday, comprising the Fakhr-1 telecommunications satellite and the Saman-1 space tug, using a domestically developed satellite carrier. The payload, weighing 300 kilograms, marks a significant milestone in the country’s space ambitions, state media reported.

The Saman-1, described as an "orbital transmission system" by the Iran Space Research Centre, is designed to transport satellites from lower orbits to higher ones. Originally unveiled in 2017, this system was touted as a critical step in advancing Iran’s space capabilities. The launch on Friday was described as an "operational step" towards achieving the transfer of satellites into higher orbits, according to state television.

The payloads were launched aboard the Simorgh satellite carrier, a two-stage, liquid-fuelled vehicle developed by Iran’s defence ministry. Named after a mythical Iranian bird, the Simorgh was launched from the Imam Khomeini Spaceport in Semnan province.

This successful mission follows Iran’s September announcement that it had placed the Chamran-1 research satellite into orbit using the Ghaem-100 carrier. The Ghaem-100 produced by the Revolutionary Guards' aerospace division, further demonstrated Iran’s growing satellite launch capabilities.

The Saman-1 was first introduced in February 2017 at a ceremony attended by then-President Hassan Rouhani. It underwent its first test launch in 2022, paving the way for its operational deployment.

Iran’s advancements in space technology have drawn criticism from Western nations, including the United States. These governments argue that the technology used in satellite launches could be repurposed for ballistic missile development, potentially capable of carrying nuclear warheads. However, Iran has consistently denied pursuing nuclear weapons, maintaining that its satellite and rocket programs are strictly for civil and defensive purposes.

Iran’s space endeavours are also highlighted by its collaboration with Russia. Last month, Russia launched 55 satellites, including two built by Iran, named Koswar and Hodhod. This partnership underscores the strengthening of political, economic, and military ties between the two nations. With this latest launch, Iran continues to expand its capabilities in space technology despite international scrutiny. The successful deployment of the Fakhr-1 satellite and the operational demonstration of the Saman-1 space tug signify Iran’s ambition to position itself as a key player in the space domain.